STRUCTUR FILE SYSTEM WINDOWS and LINUX

1. Windows Operating System up to now have three file systems:

>* FAT 16 (File Allocation Table 16)

               actually before FAT16, the file system first notified in MS-DOS FAT12, but because so   

     many flaws appear FAT16, FAT16 itself was introduced by MS-DOS in 1981. Initially, the  

     system is designed to manage file fi umtuk floppy disk, and has been amended several  

     times, so it is used to set harddrive file. FAT16 is compatible advantage in almost every 

     operating system, either Windows 95/98/Me, OS / 2, Linux and even Unix. But behind it all  

     the biggest  problem of FAT16 is having the capacity of a fixed number of clusters in a 

     partition, so the bigger hard drive, the greater the cluster size. but it lacked one FAT16 does  

     not support compression, encryption and access control in a partition

>* FAT 32 (File Allocation Table 32)

             FAT32 system began in the know on the Windows 95 SP2, and the development of  

    more than FAT16.FAT32 offers the ability to accommodate larger jumlat cluster in the 

    partition. It also developed the ability to drive is better than FAT16. However FAT32 has a 

    weakness that is not owned FAT16 is limited Operating System that can recognize FAT32. 

    Unlike FAT16 can be known by virtually all operating systems, but it does not matter if you 

    are running FAT32 on Windows XP because Windows XP does not matter what file system  

    in use on that partition.

>* NTFS (New Technology File System)

                NTFS on first introduced in Windows NT and the file system that is completely 

    different compared to FAT technology. NTFS offers better security, file compression, 

    clusters, and even support data encryption. NTFS is the default file system for Windows XP 

    and Windows if you do a regular upgrade you will be asked whether you want to upgrade to 

    NTFS or keep using FAT. But if you are upgrading to Windows XP and NTFS do not make 

    changes did not matter because you can convert it to NTFS at any time. But remember that if 

    you are using NTFS will arise a problem if you want to downgrade to FAT without losing data.

   On NTFS generally not compatible with other Operating System installed on the same  

   computer (Double OS) is not detected even when you do a StartUp Boot using the floppy. For 

   it is recommended to you to provide a small partition that uses the FAT file system at the 

   beginning of the partition. This partition allows you to save the Recovery Tool if get into 

   trouble.

   Characteristics Comparison Table with FAT32 andFAT16 NTFS 

CHARACTERISTIC	NTFS	FAT32	FAT16
Number of files in a single volume	232-1 file	228 file	228 file
The file or subdirectory of each directory	No file	216-2 file or directory	216-2 file or directory
Compatibility with the DOS operating system	No	No	Yes
Can be dual-booting with Windows 95/98	No	Yes (Windows 95 OSR 2.0 above)	Yes (all versions)
Transparent data compression yes	Yes	No	No
Transparent encryption	Yes (version 3.0 and above)	No	No
Space quotas for each user	Yes	No	No
The maximum file size	264 – 1 byte	232 – 1 byte	232 – 1 byte
Minimum cluster size	512 bytes (1 sectors)	512 bytes (1 sectors)	512 bytes (1 sectors)
The maximum cluster size	64 KB (32 sectors)	64 KB (32 sectors)	64 KB (32 sectors)
The maximum partition size	232cluster	4,177,198 cluster	2 Gigabyte (up to 4 Gigabyte on Windows NT)
The number of files per partition	232 – 1 file	228 file	216 file
Amount of each directory partition	No file	216 – 2 directory	216 – 2 directory

2. But Linux Operating System up to now have three file systems:

>* Ext 2 (2rd Extented)

              EXT2 is a powerful file system in linux. EXT2 is also one of the most powerful file 

     system and the foundation of all linux distributions. In the EXT2 file system, file data is stored 

     as data blocks. This block of data has the same length, and although the length varies 

     between EXT2 file system, a large block is determined when the file system is created with 

     the command mk2fs. If a large block is 1024 bytes, then a large file with 1025 bytes will be 

     wearing two blocks. This means that we throw away a half a block per file. EXT2 defines the 

     file system topology by providing the sense that every file on the system diasosiasiakan the 

     inode data structure. A shows the block where the inode in a file on every file access rights, 

     file modification time, and file type.Each file in the EXT2 file system consists of a single 

     inode and each inode has a unique identification number. Inode inode-stored in the file 

     system inode table. Directory in the EXT2 file system is a special file that contains a pointer 

     to the inode of each directory contents.

>* Ext 3 (3rd Extended)

              Is increased from EXT2 EXT3 file system. This increase has several advantages,  

    including: After the failure of resources, "unclean shutdown", or damage to the system, EXT2   

    file system must go through the process of checking with e2fsck program. This process can 

    be a waste of time so that the boot process becomes very long, especially for large disk that 

    contains lots of data. In this process, all data inaccessible.

             Provided by the journal EXT3 cause no longer need to be checked the data after a  

    system failure. EXT3 is only checked if there is damage to hardware such as hard disk 

    damage, but these events are very rare. The time required EXT3 file system after an  

    "unclean shutdown" does not depend on the size of the file system or file number, but 

    depending on the size of the journal used to maintain consistency.Default of the journal takes 

    about a second to recover, depending on the speed of hardware.

Data integrity

    EXT3 ensure data integrity after damage or "unclean shutdown". EXT3 lets you choose the 

    type of protection and types of data.

Speed

   Instead of writing data more than once, EXT3 has a greater throughput than EXT3 EXT2 for 

   maximizing hard disk head movement. We can choose three journal mode to maximize the 

   speed, but data integrity is not assured.

Easy to do migration

   We can move from EXT2 to EXT3 system without reformatting.